Yes. Humans belong to the order Primates, a group defined by shared anatomy, genetics, and behavior. This group includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and us.

Within it we sit in the family Hominidae, also called the great apes.

Taxonomic Classification & Shared Traits

Biological taxonomy organizes species by shared traits. Every characteristic of human anatomy and development matches primate norms.

Primates share grasping hands and feet with five digits and flat nails. Our shoulder and hip joints permit wide ranges of motion for climbing and manipulation. Forward-facing eyes provide depth perception in three-dimensional environments, and color vision aids in selecting ripe fruit.

All primates exhibit an expanded neocortex relative to other mammals, supporting advanced planning, social interaction, and tool use.

Genetic Evidence and Divergence Times

Humans share about 99% of alignable DNA with chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus). We share 98% with gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and 97% with orangutans (Pongo spp.).

Molecular clocks place our split from chimpanzee and bonobo ancestors at 5.5 to 7 million years ago (mya), from gorilla ancestors at 8.5 to 12 mya, and from orangutan ancestors at 9 to 13 mya. These divergence times align with fossil evidence of early hominins.

What Sets Humans Apart

The most significant difference between humans and other primates lies in cognitive capacity. While all primates possess an enlarged neocortex, the human brain is advanced in size, structure, and function. Our brains are three times larger than expected for a primate of our size, especially the prefrontal cortex. This is the area responsible for decision-making, planning, and abstract thought. It allows symbolic language, complex reasoning, and culture.

Humans are the only species to use structured language. We use grammar and syntax to convey abstract, symbolic, and temporal concepts. Humans also demonstrate cumulative culture. We build on knowledge across generations. This allows for progressive advancements in technology, art, and science.

Finally, humans are bipedal – fully upright walkers. Our pelvis, spine, and lower limbs are adapted exclusively for two-legged movement, freeing the hands for tool use and manipulation.

So while we share the bones, blood, and DNA of apes, it’s our cognition, communication, and culture that separate us.